2020. 9. 23. 12:46ㆍ카테고리 없음
A disc jockey, more commonly abbreviated as DJ, is a person who hosts recorded music for an audience. Most common types of DJs include radio DJs, club DJs, who perform at a nightclub or music festival and turntablists who use record players, usually turntables, to manipulate sounds on phonograph records.
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| Scratch | |
|---|---|
| Directed by | Doug Pray |
| Produced by | Brad Blondheim, Ernest Meza |
| Starring | Z-Trip DJ Shadow Grand Wizard Theodore Mix Master Mike DJ Qbert |
| Cinematography | Robert Bennett |
| Edited by | Doug Pray |
| Distributed by | Palm Pictures |
|
Release date
|
2001 |
| 92 min. | |
| Country | United States |
| Language | English |
Scratch is a 2001 documentary film, directed and edited by Doug Pray.[1] The film explores the world of the hip-hopDJ from the birth of hip-hop when pioneering DJs began extending breaks on records, to the invention of scratching and beat juggling, to the more recent explosion of turntablism. Throughout the documentary, many artists explain how they were introduced to hip-hop while providing stories of their personal experiences.[2]
Content[edit]
Elements[edit]
In the first chapter, Grand Wizard Theodore explains the differences between rap and hip-hop, which are often confused. He explains that graffiti, breakdancing, DJing, MCing, and the way you talk and dress are all elements of hip-hop.
Afrika Bambaataa presents a neighborhood in the Bronx which used to be called 'the house of hip-hop' where violence and gangs were common. After a trip to Africa, he created what is known as the Universal Zulu Nation, a group of socially and politically aware rappers, B-boys, graffiti artists and other people involved in hip-hop culture.
The importance of the DJ is shown by how he or she selects and controls the music in respect to the audience's needs. The relation and differences between DJs and MCs are explained, going through their roles in the music industry.
Artists such as DJ Jazzy Jay, Grand Mixer DXT, Almighty K.G., Kevie Kev, Dot A Rock, and Steinski explain the beginning of hip-hop and its evolution since the 1970s. Concerts of breakdance and DJ performances are shown such as The Herculords, Electronic Boogaloos, Original Graffiti Rock, 'Wild Style' 1982 with Busy Bee & Grand Wizard Theodore and Grand Master Flash.
Rockit[edit]
In the second chapter, Mix Master Mike shares his first experience with scratch through the 1984 Grammy Awards with Herbie Hancock & Grand Mixer DXT. This is the evolution of a new hip-hop transmitted from DJs to DJs.
DJ QBert explains how turntables function, describing each part. He compares it to 'talking'. When Mix Master Mike scratched with DJ QBert, they used their scratching to communicate together. They describe it as an art and a form of intelligence. Other artists describe the popularity it had in the 1980s amongst youth in parties and battling. Many of them achieved fame through their talent in battles. Some of them made the existence of the DJ without the MC possible. This chapter features DJ Marz, DJ Eddie Def, DJ Cue, DJ Quest (Bullet Proof Space Travelors), Billy Jam, Dave Paul, DJ Relm, DJ Flare, DJ Shadow, Apollo, and Rob Swift (X-ecutioners).
Turntablism[edit]
This section describes the beginning of turntablism, which involves the manipulation of the turntable. DJ Babu was the first to describe this method using this term. He believes that the turntable can be a musical instrument “as long as you see it as [one].” Babu explains that turntables have notes, measures, different beats, timing, and rhythms. An interview with John Carluccio presents the method used to communicate compositions by transcribing scratching onto paper.
Battling[edit]
Battling became popular as a result of Steve Dee’s attitude that there is always room for improvement. Various DJs are shown commenting about the competitiveness of the industry especially now that there are competitions, such as the Disco Mix Club where DJs have six minutes to showcase their skills and abilities. Each competitor works on their set and practices their routine for months beforehand.
DJs with MCs[edit]
Scratching, like each of these elements, draws from all the others. By definition, scratching does not stand still. As Steve Dee puts it, 'Hip-hop is asking you a question, and that question is, what are you going to do?' Discussing the ways that battling shapes his art and profession, Dee confesses, 'I'm competitive. If it's drawing a straight line, I wanna draw the straightest line.'
Digging[edit]
This concept of competition does not keep turntablists apart. Rather, they make a point of working together, sharing ideas, encouraging one another, and going on record 'digging' jaunts. DJ Shadow leads the camera through a basement so stuffed with records that he can barely walk through, calling it 'my little nirvana'. Several scenes show artists playing with one another: Mix Master Mike and DJ Qbert; Shadow and Cut Chemist working with Steinski; and Jurassic 5 with Cut Chemist and DJ Nu-Mark.
Making beats[edit]
The fifth chapter of the film explores the art of producing beats and examines the future of the DJ industry. DJ Premier describes the evolution of beatmaking throughout the past 30 years and his life as a record producer. DJ Swamp from The Allies explains some of the beats that he has put together and describes how many artists have begun playing vinyls that are made specifically for turntablist and battle DJs.
Doug Pray then goes to the 2000 NAMM Music Convention in Los Angeles, California. There they conduct a series of interviews that mostly aim at describing the optimistic future of the industry.
The chapter closes by describing the influence that the Invisibl Skratch Piklz have had on the industry.
Full circle[edit]
The final chapter of the film reviews the goals and aspiration of some of the most recognized DJs in the industry and what they hope to achieve via the distribution of their music. DJ QBert explains his understanding of the interconnectedness of the human race and how his “destiny” is to better the lives of others through his music. Grand Mixer DXT describes how good he feels about being the role model of so many DJs. Mix Master Mike states that his goal is to show the world that there’s “something really cool out there, you know, something different.” The film ends with Z-Trip and Cut Chemist performing together side by side on four turntables. This is also known as a 2 x 4 performance.[3]
Interviews[edit]
Interviewees include:
- The X-ecutioners (Rob Swift, Total Eclipse, Roc Raida, Mista Sinista)
- Almighty Kay Gee, MC with the Cold Crush Brothers
- Kevie Kev and Dot A Rock, MC with Fantastic Freaks
- DJ Marz, DJ Quest, DJ Cue, and Eddie Def, Bullet Proof Scratch Masters
- Apollo
- DJ Faust and Shortee
- Klever
Direction[edit]
Doug Pray didn’t know much about hip-hop DJs before making Scratch. He decided to make the movie after meeting Mix Master Mike.
Production[edit]
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Scratch was produced by Brad Blondheim and Ernest Meza, co-produced by Heidi Rataj and executive produced by Allen and Albert Hughes. It was shot in 16mm film by Robert Porter Bennett.[4]
Awards[edit]
Scratch had its world premiere at the Sundance Film Festival in 2001 and was nominated for an Independent Spirit Award by the Independent Feature Project (IFP). In 2002, it was released in theaters nationwide by Palm Pictures, distributed internationally by Intermedia Films.[5] After its release, the film inspired two world tours of top DJs, and a performance movie named Scratch: All the way live (also directed by Doug Pray and produced by Brad Blondheim).
Critical reception[edit]
Scratch was released to near universal critical praise, with 93% 'Fresh' on Rotten Tomatoes.[6]Stephen Holden in The New York Times wrote that, 'Watching D.J. Qbert, a leading hip-hop musician from the San Francisco Bay Area, manipulate two turntables with one hand and a sound mixer known as a fader with the other to create a sizzling polyrhythmic landscape of sound effects is not unlike watching the fingers of a great jazz or concert pianist fly across the keyboard.'[7] He also called the film 'exhilarating.'[7]
The Los Angeles Times said, 'Scratch does what a fine documentary does best: It extends a warm invitation into an unfamiliar world, then illuminates it fully and allows the larger implications of the journey to sink in unobtrusively ... [Scratch is] a highly entertaining and encouraging documentary.'[8]
Ain't It Cool News listed it as one of the Top 5 Films of the Year and wrote, 'Scratch is like having a camera there when Robert Johnson went down to the crossroads. It's like having a camera there when BB or Miles played their first show. It's a record of living history - a very important history and don't let anyone, anyone, tell you otherwise ... Scratch is so strong ... it's beautiful and utterly, knowingly true. And that's about the most impossible thing to do on-screen ... I can't celebrate this film enough.'[9]
See also[edit]
- Scratch (soundtrack), the soundtrack to the film
References[edit]
- ^Media., Helium Digital. 'Doug Pray Director'.
- ^ITYPEINALLCAPS (31 July 2007). 'Scratch (trailer)' – via YouTube.
- ^'Scratch'. 17 September 2002 – via Amazon.
- ^'Scratch'. 7 November 2001 – via IMDb.
- ^'Palm Store: Palm Pictures Store'.
- ^'Scratch'.
- ^ ab'Movie Review - - FILM IN REVIEW; 'Scratch' - NYTimes.com'.
- ^'Scratch'. 7 November 2001 – via IMDb.
- ^staff. 'Vern Gets SCRATCHed At SIFF!!'.
External links[edit]
- Scratch on IMDb
|
Jazzy Jay performing at NAMM in 2009
|
|
| Background information | |
|---|---|
| Birth name | John Byas |
| Also known as | The Original Jazzy Jay, DJ Jazzy Jay |
| Born | November 18, 1961 (age 58) Beaufort, South Carolina, United States |
| Genres | Hip Hop |
| Occupation(s) | DJ, Turntablism |
| Associated acts | Afrika Bambaataa, Universal Zulu Nation, Kool DJ Red Alert, Jazzy Five, Afrika Islam |
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Jazzy Jay, born on November 18, 1961), also known as The Original Jazzy Jay or DJ Jazzy Jay, is an Americanhip hopDJ and producer.
Background[edit]
Jazzy Jay was born into a Gullah family in coastal South Carolina. He moved with his family to New York City at a young age and took up the drums, his first instrument. He began his career in hip hop in the 1970s in The Bronx, New York, the epicenter of hip hop culture during the first decade of its development, at the age of 13. An early member of Afrika Bambaataa's Universal Zulu Nation, he was a protégé of Bambaataa as well as his older cousin, Kool DJ Red Alert. Beginning as a Zulu King dancer in the early 1970s, Jay later became a Universal Zulu Nation DJ and was a member of the Zulu group Jazzy Five, with which he recorded the single 'Jazzy Sensation.'
Although Jazzy Jay began performing primarily at street parties, in the 1980s he began DJing in New York clubs such as Negril, the Roxy, the Ritz, and Danceteria. He also hosted a hip hop radio program on WRKS 98.7 Kiss FM and in 1984 he played himself as The Roxy's DJ in the influential hip hop film Beat Street.
Jazzy Jay and Afrika Islam performed some of the first DJ team routines, and teamed up to battle both Grandmaster Flash (solo) and Grand Wizard Theodore (solo).
Origin of Def Jam Recordings[edit]
Around 1984, Jay met Rick Rubin and assisted him in laying the foundation for what would become Def Jam Recordings. The label's first official single was the single 'It's Yours' by T La Rock and Jazzy Jay. Jay later introduced Rubin to Russell Simmons, creating one of the most important partnerships in hip hop production. Jazzy Jay also put out Def Jam's third 12' in 1985, entitled 'Def Jam' b/w 'Cold Chillin' In The Spot,' which featured Russell Simmons on vocals. In 1986, he participated in the recording Planet Rock - The Album, which was certified gold.
Also a producer, Jay founded Jazzy Jay's Studio in the Bronx, where he produced early recordings by Diamond D, Fat Joe, Brand Nubian, A Tribe Called Quest, and others. He also began his own label, Strong City Records, through a partnership with Rocky Bucano.
21st century[edit]
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More recently, Jazzy Jay was featured in the 2001 turntablism documentary Scratch. In the film, he displays his extensive LP collection (kept in the basement of his home), which he claims comprises at least 300,000 to 400,000 records.
In 2000, Jazzy Jay was inducted into the Technics/DMC DJ Hall of Fame. He sometimes performs together with another hip hop pioneer, Grand Wizard Theodore. He is also interviewed extensively in the 2003 hip hop documentary 5 Sides of a Coin.He was featured in the 2004 song 'Rock And Roll (Could Never Hip Hop Like This) Part 2' by Handsome Boy Modeling School giving a background on himself and on rap as an art form.
Jazzy Jay narrated a walking tour of The Bronx, 'Hip Hop,' by Soundwalk,[1] that won the 2004 Audie award for Best Original Work.[2]
He and his wife have three children (Jazmine, Matthew, and Kenya), and live in Bedford–Stuyvesant, Brooklyn, New York.[3] Matthew Byas is a member of Brooklyn musical group Phony Ppl.[4] In 2011, Jazmine graduated from the prestigious Eastman School of Music, and is pursuing a career as a classical oboist.[5] In 2014, she married Danny Lambert, of Bray, County Wicklow, Ireland.[6]
In 2012, Jazzy Jay confirmed he was working on a collaborative album with DJ Phix. He was quoted speaking on the album saying 'I'm just tryin' to get back to my roots, DJ Phix is the DJ who's gon help bring me back.' The album will be released in late 2013.
References[edit]
- ^SoundwalkArchived 2018-06-28 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed Sept. 17, 2009.
- ^Audio Publishers AssociationArchived 2010-09-17 at the Wayback Machine. Accessed Sept. 17, 2009
- ^https://www.bklynr.com/byas-family-values.1.html
- ^https://www.bklynr.com/byas-family-values.1.html
- ^https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/daughter-of-top-us-dj-shocked-at-visa-refusal-29730379.html
- ^https://www.independent.ie/irish-news/hiphop-stars-daughter-marries-after-visa-denial-29954828.html
External links[edit]
Dj Cues Zulu Nation 2017
- DJ Jazzy Jay on IMDb
Zulu Tribe